The biblical (Hebrew) calendar is lunisolar — months follow the moon, but a leap month gets added periodically to keep it aligned with the solar year and the agricultural seasons. Structure: Each month begins at the new moon and runs about 29-30 days (alternating, since a lunar cycle is ~29.5 days). A normal year has 12 months (~354 days) — about 11 days shorter than the solar year. To keep festivals tied to their proper season (Passover must fall in spring, near barley harvest), a 13th leap month (Adar II / Ve'Adar) is inserted roughly every 2-3 years — 7 times in a 19-year cycle (the Metonic cycle). The months (starting from Nisan, the religious new year per Exodus 12:2):
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